Trained outside the UK?

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Practising medicine in the UK can be very rewarding but when it comes to professional accountability, it’s a challenging profession. Having appropriate medical indemnity and protection in case of a legal complaint or investigation offers great peace of mind.  

Here’s the facts about indemnity and medicolegal support when practising in the UK. 

• The legal requirement for professional indemnity
• What is and isn't covered by NHS indemnity
• Medical defence organisations (MDOs) in the UK
• Benefits of Medical Protection membership
• How we can support your professional development
• Joining Medical Protection
• Useful links for doctors from outside the UK

The legal requirement for professional indemnity

In the UK, doctors are legally required to have appropriate medical indemnity or insurance in case a patient makes a claim for compensation.
 
In fact, the General Medical Council (GMC) can remove your license to practise in the UK if you haven’t protected yourself with adequate and appropriate indemnity, or can’t provide evidence of it when asked. They can also refuse to grant you a license if they aren’t satisfied that you’ll have an appropriate indemnity or insurance by the time you start practising in the UK. 
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What is and isn't covered by NHS indemnity

NHS indemnity for hospital doctors

NHS Resolution has financial responsibility for clinical negligence claims brought against doctors and other healthcare professionals working in hospitals and community services in England. There are equivalent organisations in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. The GMC has a useful guide to NHS indemnity on their website. 

NHS indemnity covers clinical negligence claims arising from duties listed in your NHS contract. You aren’t legally obliged to seek additional medical defence cover if you only undertake NHS contracted work. 

However, there are many situations where NHS indemnity does not apply. For most doctors it is considered essential to arrange additional protection. 

NHS indemnity for GP's

Since April 2019, NHS Resolution has had financial responsibility for clinical negligence claims brought against doctors and other healthcare professionals working in general practice. There is an equivalent arrangement in Wales, but not currently in Scotland or Northern Ireland. 

NHS Resolution sets out the scope of the Clinical Negligence Scheme for General Practice on their website. 

As with hospital doctors, there are many situations where NHS indemnity does not apply and GPs need to arrange additional indemnity and protection. 

Not every situation is covered by NHS indemnity 

Many doctors undertake duties that aren’t primarily concerned with prevention, diagnosis and treatment of illness in NHS patients.

These activities aren’t covered by NHS indemnity, which means you will need additional indemnity or insurance in case of a clinical negligence claim being made in relation to them.
 
Examples include:

• ‘category 2’ work undertaken in hospitals eg cremation forms, examinations/reports on patients for courts, insurance companies, the Department for Work and Pensions
• ‘fee-paying’ or ‘chargeable’ services undertaken in general practice eg private travel vaccines, insurance reports, HGV medicals
• clinical trials not covered under legislation
• stopping at a roadside accident and other ‘Good Samaritan’ acts
• work for voluntary or charitable bodies, eg the Red Cross
• work you undertake for an employer other than the NHS eg private practice.

• dealing with complaints, perhaps involving the Ombudsman
• giving evidence to Coroner’s Inquests/Fatal Accident Inquiries
• being referred for investigation by the GMC
• employer disciplinary proceedings 
• police investigations and criminal prosecutions

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Medical defence organisations (MDOs) in the UK

The role of Medical Defence Organisations (MDOs)

Medical Defence Organisations (MDOs) are mutual, non-profit making organisations which are owned by their members.

For an annual subscription fee, they provide members with access to legal advice and representation should a medicolegal problem arise from their clinical practice. 

This can include investigations, inquiries, complaints and criminal proceedings as well as clinical negligence claims which fall outside of the scope of NHS indemnity. 

MDOs are also a valuable source of personal medicolegal advice and support with professional development and risk management. 

The risks of not having MDO membership 

Many health professionals face some kind of medicolegal problem during their career. Without the support of an MDO you face having to deal with an adverse incident alone. This could put your career, reputation, financial security and even your liberty at risk. 

Unfortunately, problems can happen to anyone. Even when no medical mistake has been made, a complaint or allegation can still be made. For example, if an interaction is misconstrued or emotions are running high. 

An investigation can lead to sanctions, suspension, loss of earnings and reputational damage. It is also emotionally unsettling. 

While it is possible for you to deal with medicolegal situations yourself, this can be more stressful, costly and time-consuming. It can also result in a less favourable outcome.

For example:

• a positive outcome at a tribunal is much more likely if you have legal representation. It’s not uncommon to run into expenses up to and beyond £80,000 in solicitors’, barristers’, expert witness and other fees when appearing before the GMC
• criminal cases involving doctors are often inherently complex meaning specialist knowledge of medicine and criminal law is vital
• doctors can be criticised and even prosecuted based on the evidence they give at a Coroner’s Inquest, so seeking advice is paramount, even if the situation appears straightforward

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Benefits of Medical Protection membership

Medical Protection is there for its members every step

We support more than 70,000 doctors working in the UK. As a member you have 24 hour access to advice and assistance if you face a medicolegal problem. From the start we’ll put a team together to:

• provide expert guidance and reassurance
• help you deal with the situation appropriately
• defend your interests and reputation
• cover any legal costs
• meet any additional support needs you have, such as handling media attention and counselling

Assistance and representation

We can help you respond to inquiries, investigations, complaints, claims, criminal and disciplinary proceedings. This might include drafting a response, compiling evidence and arranging legal representation, as well as explaining and supporting you through the process. 

Our dedicated team of experts include doctors and lawyers who understand how the medical system works and the challenges doctors can face. 

From the first time you speak to us, until the moment your case is resolved, we will use our knowledge and experience to arrive at the best outcome.

To learn more about the support our team of experts provide, you can watch a series of videos based on a variety of members’ stories.

Medicolegal advice

For everyday medicolegal queries, concerns and dilemmas you can speak to experienced advisers and doctors. They will offer you one-to-one advice on a breadth of issues ranging from consent, confidentiality and record keeping to prescribing. 

Expert advisers can also help you manage an early response to patient complaints, which often stops a situation from escalating into something more serious.

The advice helpline is a free and confidential service for all members. It doesn’t need to be a crisis to call us. The number of times you call won’t affect your subscriptions.  
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How we can support your professional development

Lifelong training and specialist expertise

It is important to us that you can practise in the UK with confidence and avoid medicolegal problems where possible. 

We produce a wide range of resources to help doctors working at every level and speciality to continue their professional development, including factsheets, case reports and our Casebook journal. 

We are also the leading provider of free communication and risk management support amongst UK MDOs. You can also benefit from a wide range of free courses, online learning modules and webinars to help you practise safely and avoid medicolegal problems. 

These courses can make a real difference. From experience, we know that:

• complaints often arise due to communication problems
• common medical mistakes can be avoided
• good record keeping helps us build a strong defence

We actively encourage members to learn about these and other ways to protect themselves. This also provides valuable CPD evidence for appraisals and revalidation. 

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Joining Medical Protection

If you work solely in an NHS hospital, Medical Protection membership typically costs less than £700. If you work in general practice, subscription fees vary depending on the amount of sessions you undertake and the work you do. As a guide, an eight session GP working in England would expect to pay between £700 and £1,100 a year.  

If you undertake private work or GP work in Scotland and Northern Ireland your subscriptions will be higher as this is not covered by NHS indemnity.  

There’s no limit to the advice, assistance and professional development support you can receive as a member. There’s also no caps or excess to pay if a case incurs legal costs. You can pay your subscription fee by monthly direct debit for no extra cost. For convenience, some of your membership can be managed online. 

If you are self-employed, professional indemnity fees are tax deductible, which means it’s a cost you can deduct when you are calculating your taxable profit. 

To discuss your indemnity and protection requirements and get a personal quote, call Member Services on 0800 561 9000.

To find out more about how to join Medical Protection, click here. You’ll need to apply at least four weeks before you the date you start work.
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Useful links for doctors from outside the UK

Here are some useful resources for doctors who trained overseas. 

British International Doctors Association

British Medical Association: Careers help for overseas doctors

British Medical Association: Life and work in the UK

British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin

General Medical Council: Working as a doctor in the UK

NHS Health Careers: Information for overseas doctors

Royal College of Anaesthetists: Overseas doctors who wish to work or train in the UK

Royal College of Emergency Medicine: Working in the UK

Royal College of General Practice: Overseas doctors guide

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists: Working in Britain for non-UK doctors  

Royal College of Ophthalmologists: Working in Britain for non-UK doctors

Royal College of Physicians: Medical Training Initiative

Royal College of Psychiatrists: International/European doctors

Royal College of Surgeons: Working in the UK  

Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health: Opportunities in the UK for international doctors

UK Visa Bureau: UK visas for medical practitioners

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